Development of simplified characterization factors for the assessment of expanded polystyrene and tire wear microplastic emissions applied in a food container life cycle assessment

To date, life cycle assessment (LCA) does not include a methodology for assessing the impacts of plastic litter leaked to environment. This limits applicability LCA as tool compare potential single-use plastics and their alternatives on ecosystem quality human health. As contribution tackle this issue, work proposes simplified fate characterization factors (CFs) modeling two types microplastics—expanded polystyrene tire road wear particles—in marine In terms mechanisms, explores different sedimentation, degradation, fragmentation rate scenarios, based literature values expert estimates. Whereas expanded is sensitive fragmentation, sedimentation particles primarily sedimentation. The are integrated into CFs using an existing exposure effect factor microplastics in aquatic environments. Since studied show important differences, these results reveal need developing polymer-specific CFs. Finally, tested case study on-the-go food containers (one plastic, compostable alternatives, one reusable plate). Depending scenario, range from barely noticeable more than doubling total damage quality, compared no impact assessment. high uncertainty encourages further research microplastic detail.